[GRASS-user] count pixels by attribute in sampling units

Dear listers,

I am exploring r.le and r.li, but I am afraid those two sets of programmes are providing what I need only partly. Before using them for shape and diversity analysis, I just would like to get the number of pixels (or the area) by attributes types (eg the attribute is a class of CORINE landcover or any classified image) in each sampling unit into a text file. Sampling units would be circles of a given radius centered over sites (overlayed on the raste to analyse). I can provide either a vector file with the center points or imported polygon shapefiles. Surprisingly it seems that this simple statistics is not provided in r.le (maybe wrong ?). I suppose this may be due to the fact there is a much more simple way to do it in GRASS, but cannot find it in Neteler and Mitasova book.

Any hint welcome,

Patrick

Sorry to reply to myself... I just though this could help other listers...

It seems that r.le.patch provides a way to get a count of cells by attribute in each sampling unit with the option att=a5. One must previously define each attribute value as a group (e.g. with r.le.setup) and things work fine at least with rectangles. I will have some control trials with circles later on...

Patrick

Patrick Giraudoux wrote:

Dear listers,

I am exploring r.le and r.li, but I am afraid those two sets of programmes are providing what I need only partly. Before using them for shape and diversity analysis, I just would like to get the number of pixels (or the area) by attributes types (eg the attribute is a class of CORINE landcover or any classified image) in each sampling unit into a text file. Sampling units would be circles of a given radius centered over sites (overlayed on the raste to analyse). I can provide either a vector file with the center points or imported polygon shapefiles. Surprisingly it seems that this simple statistics is not provided in r.le (maybe wrong ?). I suppose this may be due to the fact there is a much more simple way to do it in GRASS, but cannot find it in Neteler and Mitasova book.

Any hint welcome,

Patrick

Doubts confirmed... Circles in r.le.setup may not reach the expected size. For instance, using the option 'sampling units centered over sites', if I take a 25.5 cells radius everything works fine (I get a total of 2053 pixels in each sampling units, which looks reasonable 25.5^2 * pi = 2042.8), but if I want a larger sampling unit of 125.5 pixel radius, I get a warning asking confirmation whether I want a radius > 100 pixels, and then get a total area of 2601 pixels, which is far below what is expected from a 125.5 radius (125.5^2 * pi = 49480.87).

The pixel size is 4 m in reality, and the two radius correspond to appx 100m and 500m...

Any hint welcome !

Patrick

Patrick Giraudoux wrote:

Sorry to reply to myself... I just though this could help other listers...

It seems that r.le.patch provides a way to get a count of cells by attribute in each sampling unit with the option att=a5. One must previously define each attribute value as a group (e.g. with r.le.setup) and things work fine at least with rectangles. I will have some control trials with circles later on...

Patrick

Patrick Giraudoux wrote:

Dear listers,

I am exploring r.le and r.li, but I am afraid those two sets of programmes are providing what I need only partly. Before using them for shape and diversity analysis, I just would like to get the number of pixels (or the area) by attributes types (eg the attribute is a class of CORINE landcover or any classified image) in each sampling unit into a text file. Sampling units would be circles of a given radius centered over sites (overlayed on the raste to analyse). I can provide either a vector file with the center points or imported polygon shapefiles. Surprisingly it seems that this simple statistics is not provided in r.le (maybe wrong ?). I suppose this may be due to the fact there is a much more simple way to do it in GRASS, but cannot find it in Neteler and Mitasova book.

Any hint welcome,

Patrick

Complement: any radius > 100 gives inconsistent results in the 'units' file of r.le.par:

/Thèse Fritsch/PrépaFragStat/grass$ cat r.le.para/units
         1 # of scales
         5 # of units of scale 1.
-1078225628-1217465035 u_w, u_l of units in scale 1
     100.5 radius of circles in scale 1
539113457 608735128 left, top of unit[1]
539113466 608734109 left, top of unit[2]
539114864 608734976 left, top of unit[3]
539115149 608733823 left, top of unit[4]
539113914 608733783 left, top of unit[5]

When I use a shorter radius, I get:

grass > cat r.le.para/units
         1 # of scales
         5 # of units of scale 1.
        51 51 u_w, u_l of units in scale 1
      25.5 radius of circles in scale 1
       618 2586 left, top of unit[1]
       627 1567 left, top of unit[2]
      2025 2434 left, top of unit[3]
      2310 1281 left, top of unit[4]
      1075 1241 left, top of unit[5]

Patrick Giraudoux wrote:

Doubts confirmed... Circles in r.le.setup may not reach the expected size. For instance, using the option 'sampling units centered over sites', if I take a 25.5 cells radius everything works fine (I get a total of 2053 pixels in each sampling units, which looks reasonable 25.5^2 * pi = 2042.8), but if I want a larger sampling unit of 125.5 pixel radius, I get a warning asking confirmation whether I want a radius > 100 pixels, and then get a total area of 2601 pixels, which is far below what is expected from a 125.5 radius (125.5^2 * pi = 49480.87).

The pixel size is 4 m in reality, and the two radius correspond to appx 100m and 500m...

Any hint welcome !

Patrick

Patrick Giraudoux wrote:

Sorry to reply to myself... I just though this could help other listers...

It seems that r.le.patch provides a way to get a count of cells by attribute in each sampling unit with the option att=a5. One must previously define each attribute value as a group (e.g. with r.le.setup) and things work fine at least with rectangles. I will have some control trials with circles later on...

Patrick

Patrick Giraudoux wrote:

Dear listers,

I am exploring r.le and r.li, but I am afraid those two sets of programmes are providing what I need only partly. Before using them for shape and diversity analysis, I just would like to get the number of pixels (or the area) by attributes types (eg the attribute is a class of CORINE landcover or any classified image) in each sampling unit into a text file. Sampling units would be circles of a given radius centered over sites (overlayed on the raste to analyse). I can provide either a vector file with the center points or imported polygon shapefiles. Surprisingly it seems that this simple statistics is not provided in r.le (maybe wrong ?). I suppose this may be due to the fact there is a much more simple way to do it in GRASS, but cannot find it in Neteler and Mitasova book.

Any hint welcome,

Patrick

Patrick Giraudoux wrote:

> Doubts confirmed... Circles in r.le.setup may not reach the
> expected size.

...

Complement: any radius > 100 gives inconsistent results in the
'units' file of r.le.par:

/Thèse Fritsch/PrépaFragStat/grass$ cat r.le.para/units
         1 # of scales
         5 # of units of scale 1.
-1078225628-1217465035 u_w, u_l of units in scale 1
     100.5 radius of circles in scale 1
539113457 608735128 left, top of unit[1]
539113466 608734109 left, top of unit[2]
539114864 608734976 left, top of unit[3]
539115149 608733823 left, top of unit[4]
539113914 608733783 left, top of unit[5]

When I use a shorter radius, I get:

grass > cat r.le.para/units
         1 # of scales
         5 # of units of scale 1.
        51 51 u_w, u_l of units in scale 1
      25.5 radius of circles in scale 1
       618 2586 left, top of unit[1]
       627 1567 left, top of unit[2]
      2025 2434 left, top of unit[3]
      2310 1281 left, top of unit[4]
      1075 1241 left, top of unit[5]

Hi,

bug found and fixed in 6.3 svn. The logic around the >100 check was to
blame. Thanks for pin-pointing it.

http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/log/grass/trunk/raster/r.le/r.le.setup/sample.c

I haven't tested the fix, but it should work. If it works for you can
you post to this list with the result? It should then be safe to
backport to the release branches. I am traveling right now so would ask
someone else to commit that- I left my knoppix/ubuntu CDs at home and
after a spyware infection scare yesterday (apparently stopped by the
outgoing firewall) on a very well maintained WinXP PC, I am a rather
concerned about ssh'ing into our server (& then to osgeo SVN) from any
MS Windows machine ever ever ever again.

Hamish

      ____________________________________________________________________________________
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Hi,

bug found and fixed in 6.3 svn. The logic around the >100 check was to
blame. Thanks for pin-pointing it.

http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/log/grass/trunk/raster/r.le/r.le.setup/sample.c

I haven't tested the fix, but it should work. If it works for you can
you post to this list with the result? It should then be safe to
backport to the release branches. I am traveling right now so would ask
someone else to commit that- I left my knoppix/ubuntu CDs at home and
after a spyware infection scare yesterday (apparently stopped by the
outgoing firewall) on a very well maintained WinXP PC, I am a rather
concerned about ssh'ing into our server (& then to osgeo SVN) from any
MS Windows machine ever ever ever again.

Hamish

OK I will do it asap. However I don't know how to insert the new code practically from the script given (I am using R and grass but I am not a C developper)... Has it been inserted in the last cvs version (guess not from your mail) at http://grass.itc.it/grass63/source/snapshot/, or any other way ?

Sorry for your virus mishappenings... I had one in August 2006, and I could not get rid of it, even with the local computer ingineer... Ended up erasing the hard disk and reformating. Fortunately I had a safe copy but took 15 days to solve the trouble.

Cheers,

Patrick

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Hi Patrick,

I haven't been following the thread very closely, but if you think you have discovered some undocumented features or oddities through your trials with r.le*, could you give me some suggestions on how to improve the docs if you have a chance?

Thanks,

~ Eric.

-----Original Message-----
From: grass-user-bounces@lists.osgeo.org on behalf of Patrick Giraudoux
Sent: Thu 12/27/2007 4:17 AM
To: Hamish
Cc: grass-user@lists.osgeo.org; Clémentine Fritsch
Subject: Re: [GRASS-user] Re: count pixels by attribute in sampling units

Hi,

bug found and fixed in 6.3 svn. The logic around the >100 check was to
blame. Thanks for pin-pointing it.

http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/log/grass/trunk/raster/r.le/r.le.setup/sample.c

I haven't tested the fix, but it should work. If it works for you can
you post to this list with the result? It should then be safe to
backport to the release branches. I am traveling right now so would ask
someone else to commit that- I left my knoppix/ubuntu CDs at home and
after a spyware infection scare yesterday (apparently stopped by the
outgoing firewall) on a very well maintained WinXP PC, I am a rather
concerned about ssh'ing into our server (& then to osgeo SVN) from any
MS Windows machine ever ever ever again.

Hamish

OK I will do it asap. However I don't know how to insert the new code
practically from the script given (I am using R and grass but I am not a
C developper)... Has it been inserted in the last cvs version (guess not
from your mail) at http://grass.itc.it/grass63/source/snapshot/, or any
other way ?

Sorry for your virus mishappenings... I had one in August 2006, and I
could not get rid of it, even with the local computer ingineer... Ended
up erasing the hard disk and reformating. Fortunately I had a safe copy
but took 15 days to solve the trouble.

Cheers,

Patrick

      ____________________________________________________________________________________
Be a better friend, newshound, and
know-it-all with Yahoo! Mobile. Try it now. http://mobile.yahoo.com/;_ylt=Ahu06i62sR8HDtDypao8Wcj9tAcJ

_______________________________________________
grass-user mailing list
grass-user@lists.osgeo.org
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Patton, Eric wrote:

Hi Patrick,

I haven't been following the thread very closely, but if you think you have discovered some undocumented features or oddities through your trials with r.le*, could you give me some suggestions on how to improve the docs if you have a chance? 

Thanks,

~ Eric.
  

Dear Eric,

To sum up:

1/ There was a bug about defining circle sampling units > 100 pixels in r.le.setup. Looks like Hamish has solved it just before leaving but he asked me to take a trial (see copy below). However, I don’t know how to insert the C code in a GRASS working version (I can manage with a patch and a cvs version since recent only… Actually I am a landscape ecologist and R programmer. From Hamish’s well readable and commented code it is tempting to go a step forward to C… but time is lacking !!!).

2/ Regarding r.le*, it would be nice to get simple and quick reports on sampling unit composition (e.g. number of pixels of each attribute category, mean, min, max, etc. e.g. the same as for r.neighbors) without going straight to time-consuming shape analysis. Indeed, classical neighborhood analysis is limited to 25 pixels in GRASS and there are many cases where statistics on larger sampling units are needed. It may be that such simple statistics on sampling units can be obtained with other GRASS functions, but I cannot find one throughout books and threads on the web… and no feed back yet on this on the GRASS list.

3/ Regarding pixel counts, I have found a work around when attribute categories are not many (here to take each category as a group and use att=a5). It would not be possible (or at least it would be extremely combersome) to do the same when it is real numbers (eg. altitudes in a dem).

So, no real trouble with the doc, which looks fair enough.

Cheers,

Patrick

[r.le.setup]

Hamish wrote:

bug found and fixed in 6.3 svn. The logic around the >100 check was
to blame. Thanks for pin-pointing it.

http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/log/grass/trunk/raster/r.le/r.le.setup/sample.c

Patrick:

OK I will do it asap. However I don't know how to insert the new code
practically from the script given

....

However, I don't know how to insert the C code in a GRASS working
version (I can manage with a patch and a cvs version since recent
only...

You can get a patch from the above link. Click on the 'View Changes'
button, then the 'Unified diff' link. Or from the changes page just see
how to edit sample.c by hand.

(I am using R and grass but I am not a C developper)...

You don't have to know any C to apply the patch, nor much C to
understand the change. Simply knowing if{;} else{;} syntax and how to
/* comment out lines */ is enough to start tinkering with the code.

In this case the "else" part was only run if the radius was under 100,
instead of being run after radius of any size was accepted.

Actually I am a landscape ecologist and R programmer.

Well FWIW, I'm actually an engineer and oceanographer in a place
dominated by smart marine biologists and ecologists. I think only a
couple of grass developers are real programmers, and their ongoing
patience with the rest continues to amaze me.

Has it been inserted in the last cvs version (guess not from your
mail) at http://grass.itc.it/grass63/source/snapshot/, or any other
way ?

The fix has been applied in 6.3-svn, not CVS. In the last weeks GRASS
has migrated from CVS to a new SVN source code repository at OSgeo.
Sorry the source code snapshot links on the website are currently out
of date, check a recent post by Markus on the grass-dev mailing list
for a SVN-snapshot link. I am done trying to do source code commits
from the road, so someone else will have to update that or wait for me
to get back to the office.

Here is a link to the unidiff if you don't mind patches:
http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/changeset?format=diff&new=29503&old=29458&new_path=grass%2Ftrunk%2Fraster%2Fr.le%2Fr.le.setup%2Fsample.c&old_path=grass%2Ftrunk%2Fraster%2Fr.le%2Fr.le.setup%2Fsample.c

Patrick:

Sorry for your virus mishappenings...

....

but took 15 days to solve the trouble.

I guess my lesson is that there is no such thing as a "safe" MS Windows
machine, at least with any confidence. It wasn't a major infection or
anything, just some internet-explorer auto-installed spyware. It was
easily found and removed, but enough to spook me.

2/ Regarding r.le*, it would be nice to get simple and quick reports
on sampling unit composition (e.g. number of pixels of each attribute

category, mean, min, max, etc. e.g. the same as for r.neighbors)
without going straight to time-consuming shape analysis. Indeed,
classical neighborhood analysis is limited to 25 pixels in GRASS and
there are many cases where statistics on larger sampling units are
needed. It may be that such simple statistics on sampling units can
be obtained with other GRASS functions, but I cannot find one
throughout books and threads on the web... and no feed back yet on
this on the GRASS list.

it is an easy edit of the r.neighbors source code if you want to make
that number more than 25.

but yes, there are modules to do this.
r.buffer + r.univar,
v.buffer + v.rast.stats
v.what.rast
.... more?

It might be nice for that to be built into r.le.* automatically, and
probably not that hard to do, but generally I would prefer if new
development went into r.li, and r.le only got bug fixes. I don't mind
simple niceties being added but it seems like wasted effort when r.li
is supposed to replace r.le. Of course it is open source so if someone
prefers to keep adding to r.le I'm not going to stop them or refuse
patches.

So, no real trouble with the doc, which looks fair enough.

In general for bugs I would rather fix them than document them.
(but document the "it's a feature not bug" design choices)

regards,
Hamish

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2/ Regarding r.le*, it would be nice to get simple and quick reports
on sampling unit composition (e.g. number of pixels of each attribute
    
category, mean, min, max, etc. e.g. the same as for r.neighbors)
without going straight to time-consuming shape analysis. Indeed, 
classical neighborhood analysis is limited to 25 pixels in GRASS and
there are many cases where statistics on larger sampling units are
needed. It may be that such simple statistics on sampling units can
be obtained with other GRASS functions, but I cannot find one
throughout books and threads on the web... and no feed back yet on
this on the GRASS list.
    

it is an easy edit of the r.neighbors source code if you want to make
that number more than 25.

but yes, there are modules to do this.
r.buffer + r.univar,
v.buffer + v.rast.stats
v.what.rast
.... more?
  

Yes indeed, taking it as a training, I am managing with UNIX stripts to create buffers of the relevant sizae centered on sites and automate data extraction with those functions.

It might be nice for that to be built into r.le.* automatically, and
probably not that hard to do, but generally I would prefer if new
development went into r.li, and r.le only got bug fixes. I don't mind
simple niceties being added but it seems like wasted effort when r.li
is supposed to replace r.le. Of course it is open source so if someone
prefers to keep adding to r.le I'm not going to stop them or refuse
patches.
  

By the way, I did NOT have a feed back with this possible r.li.setup ‘bug’. See following copy :

Dear listers,

I am writing a programme including the command r.extract and cannot get it to be --quiet... Whatever the option --verbose or --quiet, I get the same output to the monitor, eg:

Building topology ...
1 primitives registered 0 areas built 0 isles built
Attaching islands:
Attaching centroids: Topology was built.
Number of nodes : 1
Number of primitives: 1
Number of points : 1
Number of lines : 0
Number of boundaries: 0
Number of centroids : 0
Number of areas : 0
Number of isles : 0
100%

Any idea about what I have missed ?

Patrick

Hamish wrote:

[r.le.setup]

Hamish wrote:
  
bug found and fixed in 6.3 svn. The logic around the >100 check was
to blame. Thanks for pin-pointing it.

    
[http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/log/grass/trunk/raster/r.le/r.le.setup/sample.c](http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/log/grass/trunk/raster/r.le/r.le.setup/sample.c)

Patrick:
  
OK I will do it asap. However I don't know how to insert the new code
practically from the script given
    
....
  
However, I don't know how to insert the C code in a GRASS working 
version (I can manage with a patch and a cvs version since recent
only...
    

You can get a patch from the above link. Click on the 'View Changes'
button, then the 'Unified diff' link. Or from the changes page just see
how to edit sample.c by hand.

  
(I am using R and grass but I am not a C developper)...
    

You don't have to know any C to apply the patch, nor much C to
understand the change. Simply knowing if{;} else{;} syntax and how to
/* comment out lines */ is enough to start tinkering with the code.

In this case the "else" part was only run if the radius was under 100,
instead of being run after radius of any size was accepted.

  
Actually I am a landscape ecologist and R programmer.
    

Well FWIW, I'm actually an engineer and oceanographer in a place
dominated by smart marine biologists and ecologists. I think only a
couple of grass developers are real programmers, and their ongoing
patience with the rest continues to amaze me.

  
Has it been inserted in the last cvs version (guess not from your
mail) at [http://grass.itc.it/grass63/source/snapshot/](http://grass.itc.it/grass63/source/snapshot/), or any other
way ? 
    

The fix has been applied in 6.3-svn, not CVS. In the last weeks GRASS
has migrated from CVS to a new SVN source code repository at OSgeo.
Sorry the source code snapshot links on the website are currently out
of date, check a recent post by Markus on the grass-dev mailing list
for a SVN-snapshot link. I am done trying to do source code commits
from the road, so someone else will have to update that or wait for me
to get back to the office.

Here is a link to the unidiff if you don't mind patches:
[http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/changeset?format=diff&new=29503&old=29458&new_path=grass%2Ftrunk%2Fraster%2Fr.le%2Fr.le.setup%2Fsample.c&old_path=grass%2Ftrunk%2Fraster%2Fr.le%2Fr.le.setup%2Fsample.c](http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/changeset?format=diff&new=29503&old=29458&new_path=grass%2Ftrunk%2Fraster%2Fr.le%2Fr.le.setup%2Fsample.c&old_path=grass%2Ftrunk%2Fraster%2Fr.le%2Fr.le.setup%2Fsample.c)

Patrick:
  
Sorry for your virus mishappenings... 
    
....
  
but took 15 days to solve the trouble.
    

I guess my lesson is that there is no such thing as a "safe" MS Windows
machine, at least with any confidence. It wasn't a major infection or
anything, just some internet-explorer auto-installed spyware. It was
easily found and removed, but enough to spook me.

  
2/ Regarding r.le*, it would be nice to get simple and quick reports
on sampling unit composition (e.g. number of pixels of each attribute
    

  
category, mean, min, max, etc. e.g. the same as for r.neighbors)
without going straight to time-consuming shape analysis. Indeed, 
classical neighborhood analysis is limited to 25 pixels in GRASS and
there are many cases where statistics on larger sampling units are
needed. It may be that such simple statistics on sampling units can
be obtained with other GRASS functions, but I cannot find one
throughout books and threads on the web... and no feed back yet on
this on the GRASS list.
    

it is an easy edit of the r.neighbors source code if you want to make
that number more than 25.

but yes, there are modules to do this.
r.buffer + r.univar,
v.buffer + v.rast.stats
v.what.rast
.... more?

It might be nice for that to be built into r.le.* automatically, and
probably not that hard to do, but generally I would prefer if new
development went into r.li, and r.le only got bug fixes. I don't mind
simple niceties being added but it seems like wasted effort when r.li
is supposed to replace r.le. Of course it is open source so if someone
prefers to keep adding to r.le I'm not going to stop them or refuse
patches.

  
So, no real trouble with the doc, which looks fair enough.
    

In general for bugs I would rather fix them than document them.
(but document the "it's a feature not bug" design choices)

regards,
Hamish

  

Dear Hamish,

I have modified the code by hand (no patch used, indeed this was quite easy…) and recompiled a cvs version. Everything works fine now in r.le.setup with sample unit radius > 100. This gave me the opportunity to see how the file system is organised in GRASS and may encourage me to go further… Thanks for the incent !

One question remains pending about r.li. It does not accept any circle radius at the moment for some reasons (see the threat ‘r.li.setup trouble with circle’).

Regarding crude totals in sampling unit circles, I have written a UNIX/GRASS ‘pilot’ programme which does what I need. I though it may help other listers and thus you’ll find the script below.

Cheers,

Patrick

#!/bin/sh

Hi Patrick,

2007/12/28, Patrick Giraudoux <patrick.giraudoux@univ-fcomte.fr>:

I am writing a programme including the command r.extract and cannot get
it to be --quiet... Whatever the option --verbose or --quiet, I get the
same output to the monitor, eg:

Building topology ...
1 primitives registered
0 areas built
0 isles built
Attaching islands:
Attaching centroids: Topology was built.
Number of nodes : 1
Number of primitives: 1
Number of points : 1
Number of lines : 0
Number of boundaries: 0
Number of centroids : 0
Number of areas : 0
Number of isles : 0
100%

do you mean v.extract? Not all vector modules were upgraded for
--quiet/verbose. Now fixed in SVN trunk for v.extract.

http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/changeset/29533

Martin

--
Martin Landa <landa.martin@gmail.com> * http://gama.fsv.cvut.cz/~landa *

Martin Landa a écrit :

Hi Patrick,

2007/12/28, Patrick Giraudoux [<patrick.giraudoux@univ-fcomte.fr>](mailto:patrick.giraudoux@univ-fcomte.fr):

  
I am writing a programme including the command r.extract and cannot get
it to be --quiet... Whatever the option --verbose or --quiet, I get the
same output to the monitor, eg:

Building topology ...
1 primitives registered
0 areas built
0 isles built
Attaching islands:
Attaching centroids: Topology was built.
Number of nodes     :   1
Number of primitives:   1
Number of points    :   1
Number of lines     :   0
Number of boundaries:   0
Number of centroids :   0
Number of areas     :   0
Number of isles     :   0
 100%
    

do you mean v.extract? Not all vector modules were upgraded for
--quiet/verbose. Now fixed in SVN trunk for v.extract.

[http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/changeset/29533](http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/changeset/29533)

Martin

  

Yes sorry it was v.extract… Thanks for the fix.

Patrick