I don’t have a good understanding of what happened, but in the meantime, try the 8.6.0dev from osgeo4w, an « independent » install, and will allow you to start from fresh, ideally, until you figure out your 8.5 install
I’m a relative newbie (second post), but FWIW, i would concur that the OSGeo4W-embedded install of GRASS 8.5 is not working, at least not on Windows 11 Pro 25H2. The GUI opens but nothing much works… the Path variables are somehow corrupted… e.g., if you try to add a raster map object to the Layers window, it won’t work, and if you look at the output console, you can see it was trying to find d.rast in the Documents directory where it stores the grassdata folder, instead of in C:\OSGeo4W\apps\grass\grass85\bin where it actually resides. If you launch GRASS 8.5 from the OSGeo4W shell instead of its Start Menu shortcut, it also fails, but in that case it will look for d.rast in C:\OSGeo4W! Definitely something wrong. I ended up using the standalone Windows installer for GRASS 8.4.2, and it works fine, even with the full OSGeo4W package (including GRASS 8.5) installed on top of it.